Agriculture and Environmental Innovation Scale

1-3 No Cultivation. Hunting, Fishing, & Gathering are common means of Subsistence.
4 INCIPIENT AGRICULTURAL practices, Primitive Dams as irrigation, & Widespread Clearing of forested land. Crude plows, stone sickles, digging sticks, & Saddle querns aide Cultivation efforts.
5 Animal Husbandry and Widespread Cultivation. HOE, Pit Silos, Primitive Crop Rotation, & Drainage.
6 Basin Irrigation, Water-Raising Devices, Canals, & Dikes. Also Dams and Wooden plows.
7 CHANNEL IRRIGATION, Aqueducts abov ground-level, & Better Fertilization Techniques.
8-9 Farming Implements edged with Bronze. Animal and Waterpowered Scoop Wheels raise Water.
10 Hoes & Mattocks edged with Iron. Metal Sickles and Reapers. Scientific Stock Breeding.
11 Two Field System of Agriculture, Domesticated Oxen & Mules, Composting and Manuring for Fertilization, & Marl (lime, clay, and sand). Iron Tools (spades, rakes, scythes, and shovels), Wheeled Plows, Oil Presses, & Reservoir Sluice Gates. IRON PLOWSHARES & COULTERS.
12 HORSE COLLAR (enables horses to be employed as draft beasts -- more efficient than Oxen) & Jointed Agricultural Flail.
13 Great Canals for transport and irrigation, Terraced Fields, Pond Fields, & Open Field System or Agriculture (long scattered strips separated by furrows).
14 Deep Water Drift nets (fishing), THREE FIELD SYSTEM OF Crop Rotation, Soil Conservation, & Wheeled Assymetrical Plows with Rudimentary moldboards).
15 MOLDBOARDS for Plows (turns hard, rocky earth more easily) & Shifting Cultivation Methods.
16 Large-scale Clearance and Drainage of marshy and forested areas, Step Wells with artificial lakes, & Polders (land reclaimed from the sea). WINDMILLS
17 Extensive Horse-breeding Programs & Urban Refuse as Fertilizer.
18 Floating Gardens & Many Open Fields for Grazing.
19 Legumes and Root Crops introduced into Rotation (prevents the need for Fallow Fields).
20 Increased emphasis on Fodder Crops -- leads to Four Course System of Agriculture.

-- Jefferson Wilson - 24 Feb 2005

Topic revision: r1 - 24 Feb 2005 - 19:31:42 - Jefferson Wilson
 
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